Biological Databases and Bioinformatics Tools: Complete Guide

<p>Biological databases play a vital role in modern bioinformatics by storing, organizing, and providing access to biological information such as DNA sequences, protein structures, genomes, gene expression data, and metabolic pathways. These databases enable researchers and students to retrieve, analyze, and visualize biological data efficiently.</p>

<p>This guide covers different types of biological databases, major bioinformatics tools, sequence retrieval and manipulation, primer design, restriction mapping, ORF finding, molecular visualization, and sequence alignment techniques using BLAST, Clustal Omega, and MAFFT.</p>